1. Wind Turbine Generator System Overview

1.1system Characteristic

• Low-speed permanent magnet generator, direct drive gearless transmission design.

• Active pitch control technology ensures output power stability in strong wind.

• Multiple safety protection for individual pitch, mechanical, electromagnetic brakes and activeyawing.

• Equipped with low-speed magnet generator with full-power converter, suitable formultinational grid -tie system.

• Direct 400V to grid and connect to the nearby load distribution system, which is self-supplyself-consumption and sufficient electricity connected to grid, for efficient energy transmission

• SCADA remote monitoring system is the feature ofreal-time monitoring, report statistics, fauldiagnosis and integrated operation & maintenance management.

• Suitable for industrial park, seaport, oil-field, mine, village, expressway service area, etc.

 

1.2 Wind Turbine BriefIntroduction

1.2.1 Overall appearance of WTG

Figure 1 LB32 wind turbine generator system outline diagram

 

1.2.2 Wind rotor

The wind rotor is used to convert the kinetic energy of the air into the mechanical energy ofwind rotor. The wind turbine adopts a three-blade, upwind type which is actively adjusted throughpitch mechanism. The blade material uses reinforced fiber glass.

1.2.3 Nacelle

The nacelle is connected to generator and tower, which contains yawing transmission system.damper control system, wind turbine control system, sensors, wind measurement system, aviationwarning system, staff passage, etc., as shown in the figure,

1.2.4 Three-blade independent pitch mechanism

Pitch of WTG adjusts the windward angle of blades, and its main functions are poweradjustment and rotation speed control. it mainly includes hub, pitch reducer, drive motor, pitchcontroller, angle speed detection device, etc. The hub adopts a spherical structure, which hasgood castability and high strength, as shown in the left picture below:

1.2.5 Generator & braking system

The generator converts the mechanical kinetic energy of wind rotor into electrical energy. itis composed of stator, rotor, brake disc, braking system and detection device. The main shaft ofWTG is braked to realize blade braking, which is composed of brake disc and hydraulic brakingsystem, as shown on the right above. As shown in the figure.

1.2.6 Yawing system

Wind turbine adopts active yawing to direct wind and consists of three yaws drive devices.yaw angle detection device, twisting detection device and hydraulic brake. Yaw braking isaccomplished by yaw reduction motor, which uses an electromagnetic brake.

1.2.7 Lubrication system

The lubrication system of WTG consists of automatic lubrication and manual lubrication. Theyaw pivotal bearing and the front and rear main shaft lubrication of the generator are independentautomatic lubrication systems. The three independent pitch bearings are independent lubricationsystems and each bearing position is equipped with waste oil collection bottle.

1.2.8 Tower

Tower mainly plays the role of supporting nacelle, generator and wind rotor. it consists oftower itself, ladder, lighting and ladder safety protection devices. Each floor of tower is equippedwith a platform for installation and rest, etc.

 

2. System technical parameter

2.1 Wind turbine generator system parameter

Manufacturer	Xiamen Lianbang Technology Co.,Ltd
Country of origin	China
Parameter	Specs
Device model	LB32-150
Design standard	IEC61400-1
Design class	IEC S (reference NBT 31107-2017 D-III)
Type	Permanent magnet direct drive,three blades,horizontal axis,upwind
Design lifespan	20 years
Rotor diameter	32.2m
Hub height	36m
Tower type	Tubular column
Performance
Rated power	150kW,400 VAC,50Hz/60Hz,3 phase
Power regulation	Pitch control
Rated rotation speed	48rpm
Max rotation speed	54rpm
Cut-in wind speed	3m/s
Rated wind speed	9.8m/s
Cut-out wind speed	18m/s(10min),22m/s(10s)
Survival wind speed	52.5m/s

 

2.2 Wind turbine component parameter

Weight
Blade	3*0.65t
Nacelle&generator	9.0 t
Tower	18.2t
Brake system
Aerodynamic brake	Active pitch control
Mechanical brake	Mechanical main-shaft brake
Electromagnetic brake	Electronic dump load control
Yawing &untwisting
Yawing mode	Electric
Untwisting mode	Auto untwisting
Angle of twisting	±1080°
Control system
Control system	Industrial PLC controller
Inverter type	Full-power inverter
Monitoring	SCADA Cube 3.0
Generator
Generator type	Permanent magnet
Drive mode	Direct box(gearless box)
Rated voltage	400VAC
Insulation grade	F class
Blade
Blade material	Glass fiber(FRP)
Blade length	15m
Blade quantity	3
Tower
Surface treatment	Anti-rust painting
Height	35m
Other
Noise level	<58dBA(@52m)
Device position	Converter is placed into the bottom of tower. Others are placed inside of nacelle.
Lightening protection	Lightning receptors for blade tip connected to earth through loop. Anemometer and wind vane with separate lightning receptors.

 

2.3 Environment request

Environment temperature
Working environment	-20℃~+50℃
Storage environment	-30℃~+60℃
Relative humidity	≤95%
Elevation	≤2000m,>2000m,derating operation
Generator protection class	IP54、ISO12944-2       C5
Other environment request	Conform to standard of EC 60721-2-1
Ground resistance	≤4Ω

 

2.4 Grid connection request

Grid connection request
On-grid voltage range	400V±15%
Allowable frequency range	47.5 Hz~51.5 Hz
Allowable voltage unbalance	≤3%
Interruption duration	≤7 days
Grid connection access standards	Distribution grid connection series GB standard
Auxiliary power supply
Normal operation	≤5kW,3P5L
Standby power	≤1.5kW
PCS standby consumption	≤0.4kW

 

3. System configuration

3.1 System connection diagram

Wind turbine generator system is composed of wind turbine generator, on-gridcontroller and on-grid inverter. (see the following photo)

 

3.2 System electrical drawing

 

4. Performance

4.1 Power curve

 

wind speed(m/s)	3.0	3.5	4.0	4.5	5.0	5.5	6.0
power(kW)	2.6	6.0	10.4	16.2	23.2	31.9	42.3
wind speed(m/s)	6.5	7.0	7.5	8.0	8.5	9.0	9.5
power(kW)	54.5	68.0	83.6	100.5	116.9	131.6	143.0
wind speed(m/s)	10.0	11.0	12.0	13.0	14.0	15.0	......
power(kW)	150.0	150.0	150.0	150.0	150.0	150.0	......

 

Usage instruction for power curve:

1. Data source: data source of power curve listed on the table is the result of calculationbased on the theoretical aerodynamic efficiency data of blades and efficiency of eachcomponent of wind turbine generator system, which is equivalent to the data under standardair density (1.225g/L).

2.  Reference standard:lEC 61400-12-1

3. Application concern: when evaluating the site, power curve needs to be converted accordingto the actual air density of the site location. For related conversion methods, please refer toIEC 61400-12-1.

 

4.2 Annual electricity production

 

annual average wind speed (m/s)	4.0	4.5	5.0	5.5	6.0	6.5	7.0
annual electricity production (MWh)	186	257	332	405	472	532	581
annual electricity production (10MWh)	18.6	25.7	33 .2	40.5	47.2	53.2	58.1
equivalent hours (h)	1241	1715	2211	2698	3150	3546	3875

 

Usage instructions for electricity generation:

1. Data source: the electricity generation is a theoretical value calculated according tocalculation method of lEC 61400-12-1 based on the above power curve

2. Reference standard: lEC 61400-12-1, assuming that the wind distribution is Rayleighdistribution.

3. Application concerns: actual electricity generation of WTG is related to factors such as sitetemperature, altitude, wind distribution, nearby obstacles, over-limit environment, and gridtransmission conditions.

 

4.1 Thrust coefficient

 

Wind speed (m/s)	Thrust coefficient	Wind speed (m/s)	Thrust coefficient	Wind speed (m/s)	Thrust coefficient	Wind speed (m/s)	Thrust coefficient
3.0	1.1367	6.5	0.8149	10.0	0.7467	13.5	0.3212
3.5	1.0196	7.0	0.8150	10.5	0.7132	14.0	0.2851
4.0	0.9266	7.5	0.8150	11.0	0.6847	14.5	0.2547
4.5	0.8503	8.0	0.8150	11.5	0.5892	15.0	0.2288
5.0	0.8149	8.5	0.8150	12.0	0.4903	19.0	0.1127
5.5	0.8150	9.0	0.8149	12.5	0.4196	19.5	0.1046
6.0	0.8149	9.5	0.7807	13.0	0.3649	20.0	0.0973

 

Thrust coefficient illustration:

1. Data source: thrust coefficient is a theoretical value obtained by Bladed software based onWTG data simulation.

2. Reference standard: lEC61400-1, thrust coefficient is the steady-state operating value ofWTG.

3. Application concerns: actual thrust coefficient is related to factors such as s instantaneouswind speed, instantaneous rotational speed, pitch angle, blade surface roughness, andenvironment.

 

5.Electronic control system

Wind turbine generator control system includes the core control unit of wTG, pitch drivecontrol, yaw drive control, environmental monitoring, human-computer interaction, and powerconversion, that realizes automatic operation control of WTG and maximizes wind energy.Utilization and processing and recording of various events have the following characteristics,

1)Hardware stability & reliability: PLC-based distributed control system, using matureCANopen and EtherCAT buses for system connection.

2)software maturity& completeness: standard wind turbine code library and control strategywith superior performance in electricity generation effciency improvement and load control.

3)Pitch control fexibility: use different control strategies under different working conditionssuch as light wind start-up section, rated wind speed section, strong wind control section.wind speed over-limit, etc. to maximize the wind energy utilization and safe operation ofWTG.

4)Wind MPPT : combined with real-time air density and dynamically adjust the torque controlparameters to ensure MPPT of wind energy Cp.

5)Intelligent yawing strategy: intelligent untwisting and wind-direction strategies balancewind-direction accuracy and action frequency to improve wind-catching ability.

6)Comprehensive protection:complete wind turbine protection system with multi-levelprotection strategies to maximize utilization.

7)Load optimization control: flexibility control, tower resonance zone vibration isolation.strong wind speed suppression, pitch rate flexible adjustment, etc.

8)Intelligent monitoring & diagnosis: complete status code, protection logic and user rights8)management to maximize safety of WTG.

9)Efficient operation & maintenance troubleshooting: abundant operation, failure, operationlogs and failure recording records enable efficient operation & maintenancetroubleshooting.

10)Abundant environmental monitoring: WTG has various monitoring functions such as windspeed, wind direction, air pressure, temperature, humidity, vibration, etc.

11)Convenient monitoring & debugging: real-time data monitoring and display of wTG, andLoT operation screen realizes the simultaneous uploading of operating data to the cloud.

12) Simple power grid connection: using a converter that meets the grid standards, which canbe directly connected to the low-voltage 400V distribution network.

 

5.1 Controller

Control parameter
Control system	Industry PLC controller
Rated rotation speed	48rpm
Max control rotation speed	54rpm
Yawing speed	0.55°/s
Yawing accuracy	≤3.2°
Way of pitch	Three-blade independent pitch
Pitch speed	≥8/s
Pitch accuracy	≤0.2°
Pitch backup power	Super capacitor
Display       &Communication
Display panel	LCD
Communication interface	RS485、RJ45 internet access

 

5.2 On-grid converter

Generator side parameter
Generator side working voltage range	3 phase 200~460Vac
DC bus working volage range	600V～    720VDC
Brake unit configuration	Built-in control and dump-load resistors
Network side parameter
Rated output power	150kW
Rated grid voltage	400V±15%3 phase 3 lines
Rated working frequency	50/60Hz±5%
Power factor (PF)	>0.99 (0.85L~0.85C之间可调)
Maximum inverter efficiency	≥97%
Harmonic content(THD)	Total current harmonics <5%,each time <3%(rated  power)
Grid-tie protection function	Overvoltage,undervoltage,overfrequency,underfrequency,unbalance protection,etc.
Other grid-tie functions	Low voltage ride through, islanding protection

 

6. Tower & Foundation

Tower model	TD1-35IIIA
Height	35m
Section	2
Thickness	10mm/12mm
Weight	18.2t
Material	Q355
Flange diameter	1000mm(upper)/2500mm(bottom)
Surface treatment	Painting
Base reference value	9mx9mx1.8m

 

Foundation construction needs to go through start-up procedures, bring in machine tools andmaterials, excavation and leveling ofthe foundation pit, excavation of cable trenches and masonrymanholes, pre-embedding of ground rods and cushion formwork and pouring (C25), installationof foundation sections (crane 25 tons), the production and binding of embedded parts, formworkcutting and supporting, foundation pit pouring (C35), and foundation maintenance will take at least20 days.

 

6.1 Overall appearance diagram(35m)

 

6.1 Upper foundation load

Load case	Tower Mxy[kNm]	Tower Mz[kNm]	Tower Fxy[kN]	Tower Fz[kN]	Safety factor
Normal run load case	748	64	24	-242	1.0
Ultimate load case	3431.4	28.6	101.7	-330.1	1.35

 

6.2 Reference foundation

 

7. Wind turbine transportation

The main components ofWTGS are listed and the loading diagram as follows:

No.	Item	Weight (t)	Dimension (m)	Vehicle	Time
1	Nacelle &converter	9.0	3.9m*1.8m*2m	17.5m platform lorry	1
2	Blade	2.0	17m*2.6m*2.8m	17.5m platform lorry	1
3	Each section of tower (small parts assembly)	17.0	17.6*φ2.5	17.5m platform lorry	1
4	Foundation	1.5	φ2.5*1.8	17.5m platform lorry	1

 

 

8. Hoisting request

In order to ensure the hoisting time, tower hoisting and wind rotor assembly are carried outsimultaneously. The requirements for the site are very strict. lt is necessary to ensure that there isspace for placement and installation of components. The flat area of the site should be wider tofacilitate the layout of hoisting installation. The tower needs to be placed in a flat area 20 meterslong and 10 meters wide, and the blades need to be placed in a flat area 25 meters long and 32meters wide for assembly of the wind wheel.

The road needs to ensure the passage of 17.5-meter flatbed vehicles. The turning radius isgreater than 15m. The geology must not be soft, otherwise it needs to be paved with sand andgravel.

The list of main tool requirements for each stage of hoisting is as follows:

No.	Name	Specs	Qty	Time	Function
1	Crane	25T	1 unit	1 days	Foundation hoisting
2	Crane	75T	1 unit	2 days	unloading & blade assembly
3	Crane	200T	1 unit	2 days	Tower & wind rotor assembly

 

9. SCADA remote monitoring
Remote monitoring system CUBE3.0 with system functions & features:

• Data transmission: data connection and interaction can be carried out throughwired/wireless networks and access method is flexible and convenient.

• Real-time monitoring: log on the web page anytime & anywhere to observe and analyzereal-time operation status.

• Data logging: record various operation information, meteorological, grid data, electricitygeneration and other types of data.

• Report analysis: statistics of each monitoring quantity and fault records can be made by day,month and year and reports can be generated.

• Failure alarm: failure infomation can be notifed to operation and maintenance personnel ina timely manner by pre-classifying various types of failures.

• Operation & maintenance management: record each operation & maintenance informationand provide operation and maintenance status reminders according to maintenancerequirements.

• Safety and reliability: the server is built on a third-party cloud platform, which the networkservice is safe and reliable.